Pengukuran batuan vulkanis dengan teknik K-Ar pada dasarnya mengukur jumlah Kalium yg telah meluruh menjadi Argon. Argon adalah gas yg secara teori akan meninggalkan batuan saat batuan itu meleleh dan berbentuk cair, maka konsepnya adalah diasumsikan bahwa saat lahar membeku maka seluruh Argon telah hilang sehingga saat itu disebut sebagai saat awal usia batuan.
ini dari situs
http://geology.about.com/od/geotime_...gon_dating.htm
Potassium-Argon Basics
Potassium occurs in two stable isotopes (41K and 39K) and one radioactive isotope (40K). Potassium-40 decays with a half-life of 1250 million years, meaning that half of the 40K atoms are gone after that span of time. Its decay yields argon-40 and calcium-40 in a ratio of 11 to 89. The K-Ar method works by counting these radiogenic 40Ar atoms trapped inside minerals.
What simplifies things is that potassium is a reactive metal and argon is an inert gas: Potassium is always tightly locked up in minerals whereas argon is not part of any minerals. Argon makes up 1 percent of the atmosphere. So assuming that no air gets into a mineral grain when it first forms, it has zero argon content. That is, a fresh mineral grain has its K-Ar "clock" set at zero.